Women in Israeli and Topical Judaica
Philately
(revised 6/01/07)
Levi Stewart and David R. Blumenthal
Introduction
In April 2002, Mr. Sol
Singer, a successful Atlanta businessman, generously donated to Emory
University The Sol Singer Collection
of Philatelic Judaic which he had lovingly
built over forty years. Housed in the Emory Manuscript, Archives and Rare Book
Library, this remarkable Collection comprises three parts: every stamp issued
by the state of Israel through the mid-1990s, most of them in multiple formats
(Òseries 1Ó); twenty volumes of stamps featuring Jewish themes on stamps around
the world (Òseries 2Ó); and a complete set of stamps issued by the Jewish
National Fund (Òseries 3)Ó.[1]
In the spring of 2007, we
decided to examine the Collection systematically and bring it up to date. The
first decision was to work only on the first part of the Collection, the Israel
philatelic resources. We, therefore, examined Mr. SingerÕs extensive Israeli
Collection, expanded the LibraryÕs resources on the subject, and then began to
explore the SweetChild CD-rom[2]
which depicts and explains all the stamps issued by the State of Israel through
1998. That proved to be too general an effort, so we decided to
focus our research on how women are depicted in Israeli philately.
Having chosen our subject,
we examined The Israel Philatelist,
The Judaica Post and The Judaica
Philatelic Journal and found only two
articles on the subject: one by Oscar Stadtler, titled ÒWomen On The Stamps Of
Israel,Ó[3]
and the second by Bea Stadtler, also titled ÒWomen On The Stamps Of Israel.Ó[4]
To the best of our knowledge, these two
articles are the only ones written on this subject. While both are well
written and erudite in their content, they do not include all the women who
appear on Israeli stamps. Oscar Stadtler limits his article to Òmodern
personsÓ on Israeli stamps, citing eight entries. Bea Stadtler references these
same eight modern women and cites an additional seven women from biblical
times. These articles are also not up to date. A need certainly exists,
therefore, for the topic to be researched again.
By researching the
SweetChild CD, we were able to find most of the stamps related directly to
Israeli women through 1998.[5] This included stamps of individual
women, womenÕs organizations, women in sports, other depictions of a woman or
girl, and stamps related to women indirectly. With the help of the Scott
Catalogue of World Stamps CD-rom, which
lists and updates all the stamps of the world, the list of women on Israeli
stamps was updated through 2005.[6]
The Library has hardbound editions of the ScottÕs Standard Postage Stamp
Catalogue[7],
the Bale Catalogue of Israel Postage
Stamps[8], and the Israel Postage Stamps 1948-1992, Catalogue # 12[9] and Catalogue
# 13,[10]
the official catalogues of Israeli stamps in print; these were also consulted.
The Subject Index in Catalogue # 13 is
very thorough and was particularly useful to us in filling in our database of
women on Israeli stamps. Finally – and most helpful – was the
website of Israeli stamps that is maintained by the Israel Philatelic
Federation: http://israelphilately.org.il/catalog/. We carefully compared our results to this online
catalogue and then extended our search beyond 1998 by simply looking at each
stamp listed. We believe we now have a full catalogue of women who appear on
Israeli stamps, whether mentioned directly or portrayed anonymously as ÒwomanÓ
or ÒgirlÓ up to 2/20/2007.
Having completed our
research on the Israeli part of the Singer Collection (Òseries 1Ó), we
proceeded to examine the topical part of the Collection (Òseries 2Ó). Levi
Stewart examined all twenty volumes of stamps featuring Jewish themes, there
being no index or catalogue at all for topical Judaica collections. He found an
additional twelve stamps from varying countries that depict Jewish women or
themes relating thereto in our holdings. This is a complete catalogue of Emory
UniversityÕs holdings on topical Judaica stamps on this topic.
The Stampcharts
To
present our data, we created a chart in Microsoft Excel that allows one to
view, and easily reference, all the gathered information. This chart contains eleven
columns. The first five provide basic philatelic information:
title - This includes the series name where that
is given in the Israel Postage Stamp Catalogue (IPS). When the series name is given, the name
of the stamp itself follows in parentheses.
Scott and Israel Postage Stamp catalogue numbers – These are given, where available, in two columns. For
stamps in the topical part of the Collection, Country was substituted for the IPS number.
date of issue – Where the date of issue differs between Scott and IPS, we have followed IPS. And,
denomination.
The
second six columns give basic topical information.
category – These three columns allow for an
easy search of the collection using three qualifiers. All the stamps in this
table fall under ÒWomen.Ó After that, there are sub-categories such as: Òanonymous,Ó Òculture,Ó Òsports,Ó
Òwriters,Ó Òdance,Ó Òfighter,Ó ÒBible,Ó Òactivist,Ó Òpolitics,Ó etc.
stamp description – This describes the actual stamp itself.
additional information - The person or organization is described and additional
philatelic information is given where warranted. And,
link –
This provides an internet link for further research.
This
Excel chart, organized by category
was, then reconfigured by date of issue, thus creating two Stampcharts. An additional Stampchart only
for the twelve stamps from the topical collection was also composed; it is
organized by category. All the Excel charts, together with this article, were,
then, uploaded to Professor BlumenthalÕs website http://davidblumenthal.org/stamparticle.htm. To make the Stampcharts more easily accessible, they were
subsequently uploaded to Google Docs and Spreadsheets.[11]
The reader can access them there by clicking on Stampchart
by Category[12], Stampchart
by Date[13], and Stampchart
(Topical)[14].
To the best of our knowledge, no such database exists for
any theme in Israeli (or topical Judaica) stamps. We are proud to share this
with the greater public.
While the attached Stamptcharts are limited to women in
Israeli and topical Judaica stamps, a catalogue for the entire Sol
Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica
that will be searchable using these eleven criteria is being developed.
We will continue to expand the list of topics within Israeli and topical
Judaica philately using the same (or a similar) format. The Sol Singer
Collection of Philatelic Judaic website will always contain the
necessary links.
We wish to thank profoundly the many people who have helped
us in creating this database: Ms. Naomi Nelson and Ms. Ann Frellsen of the
Emory University Library and their staff who provided access to the stamps and
offered advice on the Stampcharts while continuing their own work in
cataloguing the Singer Collection; Mr. Steve Ennis, head of MARBL, who agreed
to updating the collection;[15]
Mr. A. Cattier of the Academic Technology Group of the Emory University Computing
Center who helped to upload the Stampcharts to Google Docs and Spreadsheets;
and Dr. T. Yaniv of the Israeli Philatelic Federation who maintains the IPF
website and provided us with Catalogue # 13 and other good advice.
Preliminary Conclusions[16]
Any attempt to
categorize stamps must, perforce, be subject to criticism since any category
system is intentionally broad and the method of categorization necessarily
subjective. Hence, a case can be made for nearly each stamp we have examined to
appear in multiple categories. We hope that our effort will stimulate others to
address this issue and we hope that our categorizations will find some
agreement among our readers.
In all we have found 161
Israeli stamps dealing with women[17]
-- more than we had expected -- each with a direct or indirect connection to
women.[18]
In general, we have observed a clear rise in the number of stamps dedicated to
modern women as time progresses. Thus, portraits of women are rare in the
early years of the Israeli stamps and it is not until after 1978 that one sees
women on stamps more frequently.
116 stamps fall under the Women Anonymous category, making it the largest category in our analysis. So in fact, only 45 stamps are dedicated to individual women. Of all the categories, Women Anonymous (Festivals) is the largest, with 17 stamps. This is probably because the State of Israel has released a set of stamps dedicated to Israeli festivals every year since 1948 and women was an easy theme to reiterate. Of the individual women, Women Bible is the largest category, with 11 stamps. It is interesting to note that the two largest categories have religious themes. This may be attributed to the fact that Israel is the worldÕs only Jewish state and indicates the influence of Jewish religion within Israeli culture.
Considering
IsraelÕs success in business and science, one would expect to see more stamps
of women in those categories.
However there are none under Women Business, and only three Women Anonymous Science.
Interestingly, many Women Fighter stamps were found which indicates the importance of women in the military in Israel.
Lastly, one can also see a significant emphasis
placed on the arts in Israeli philately.
Women Writer is the second
largest category of individual women with 7, and Women Anonymous Art is the third largest category under Women
Anonymous, with 12. There are also stamps
that appear under the listings Women Theater (4), Women Depicted in Art (2), Women Artist (2), and
Women Anonymous Theater (4).
[1] For more general information on the Singer Collection and some samples, see the website: http://marbl.library.emory.edu/DigitalExhibits/stamps/.
[2] Stamps of Israel Encyclopedia & Catalogue 1998, SweetChild Software (Jerusalem, Israel).
[3]
Oscar Stadtler, ÒWomen On The Stamps Of Israel,Ó The Israel Philatelist, October
1988, Vol. XXXIX (La Canada, California), 5511-5513.
[4] Bea Stadtler, ÒWomen On The Stamps Of Israel,Ó The Israel Philatelist, June 1991, Vol.
XLII (La Canada,
California), 6226-6230.
[5] The SweetChild CD does not actually search stamps; it performs a word-search of articles written about Israeli stamps that are part of the CD-rom. Hence, the search for ÒwomenÓ turned out to be incomplete.
[6] Though dated 2007, the Scott Catalogue of World Stamps CD-rom only lists Israeli stamps through 2005.
[7] ScottÕs Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue, 2 vols., 1966 (Scott Publications, New York).
[8] Bale Catalogue of Israel Postage Stamps, 19th ed., 2000 (Chariot Global Marketing, Israel).
[9] Israel Postage Stamps 1948-1992, Catalogue # 12, 1993 (Israeli Postal Authority, Israel).
[10]
Israel Postage Stamps 1948-1998, Catalogue # 13, 1998 (Israeli Postal Authority, Israel).
[11] Google Docs and Spreadsheets does not allow searching. We hope that that will be remedied in the near future. Meanwhile, the original Excel spreadsheets are in the possession of Professor Blumenthal (reldrb@emory.edu) and we welcome inquiries.
[15] We decided to fill-in the Collection where Mr. Singer left off and, then, to continue to subscribe to the Israeli philatelic offerings only with the following items: year sets, first day covers, minisheets, and mint sheets.
[16] The conclusions apply only to the Israeli part of the Collection, the number of stamps in the topical Judaica being too small to allow any conclusions.
[17] In contrast to the most updated article on women in philately by Bea Stadtler which contains fifteen listings.
[18] There are 167 entries in the Stampcharts because, while we tried not to list stamps in more than one category, for some stamps this was unavoidable.